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KMID : 1001320150420010293
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Social Welfare Policy
2015 Volume.42 No. 1 p.293 ~ p.317
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Long-Term Effects of the Head Start Participation on Adulthood Outcomes: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
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Ju Eun-Su
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Abstract
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The Head Start program was introduced in 1965 to break down the intergenerational transmission of poverty by a comprehensive preschool program for low income children and their families. Since then, a number of studies have examined the impact of the program, but its long-term effects has seldom been explored. The main purpose of this study is to examine the long-term effects of the program on adulthood educational attainment and economic status. For the analysis, this study utilized data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1970 to 2005. With the data of 1,765 young adults(aged 19 to 35 in 2005), this study employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis to minimize differences between Head Start children and others. According to the results, Head Start provided sizeable gains to its participants when it comes to educational attainment if they attended the program at least one year. Although no direct effects were found on economic status(personal earnings and family income to poverty ratio), indirect effects were confirmed through educational attainment. Although some studies have questioned the long-term effects of Head Start participation, this study confirmed that Head Start had provided long lasting effects to its participants on their adulthood educational attainment and economic status. Based on the research findings, implications to Korean welfare policies were discussed.
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KEYWORD
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Head Start, child poverty, propensity score matching analysis, anti-poverty policy, longitudinal study
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